How to determine the Beginning of Ramadan

Ramadan is the ninth month of each year Qamariah. During the day in the month, men and women are obliged to fast in addition to other legal provisions in Islam. Point in order to obtain complete conversion of human life in accordance with the guidance of Alquran had been revealed also in that month. It thus becomes one element of why people are encouraged to use the Lunar calendar Year, is contained in Ayaah 9/36 and 9/37, and are prohibited from using the Solar Year calendar is that the change of seasons from century to century time is always reduced.

In general, the Qamariah calendar can be known to take a permanent around the time of the calculation of the Moon's orbit around the Earth at speeds without changes, starting from the total solar eclipse or a half. From that we have compiled a calendar year starting from 1351 up to year 1450. That is what is meant by ALLAH in Ayaah 2/185" of you who are proving that month, let them fast", and be delivered to the public.

But since long been a tradition in Islamic societies that while they understand the purpose of Scripture was to see the Hilal of Ramadan on the western horizon when the Sun was about to or had set. Maybe they do not have sufficient means for calculating a long-term arrangement Qamariah calendar, so in this case it is natural they use Rukyah or see Hilal Moon in the west. And indeed in Ayaah 2/184 stated that fasting on certain days is not for the number of clear days was determined. Since the time of the Prophet Muhammad that there are times when Ramadan 30 days and sometimes 29 days, while the other 11 months of having a fixed number of days from year to year.

Instead they are probably wrong about some of the terms responsive to also cause incorrect translations. The original sentence in Ayaah 2/185 of them reads "FAMAN SYAHIDA MINKUMUSY SYAHRA FAL YASHUMHU", to contain provisions on the calculation of calendar Qamariah scientific, but there is a translation of Alquran in the late 14th century Hijri gives another meaning, below we quote and compare with reasonable translation:

Erroneous translation:

2/185. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Whoever among you through that month let fasting during it? ..

2/185. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Whoever among you is present (in the country where he lived) in the month,
let him fast on this month.

Reasonable translation:

2/185. ... ................
Who would you prove of that month, let fasting.

Although the three translations that there are many differences, but the moot point here is simply the translation of the terms SYAHIDA and SYAHRA.
Both kinds of terms that can be easily found in Alquran, SYAHIDA listed in Ayaah 2/185, 3/18, 3/86, 4/15, 6/19, 6/130, 6/150, 7/37, 12/26, 12 / 81, 21/61, 24/2, 24/8, 24/24, 27/32, 41/20, 43/19, 43/86, 46/10, 59/11, and 65/2. It all means "proving" and no one is also defined as "undergo" or "present". How to translate two sentences the Shahadah if SYAHIDA it to be "I undergo (present) that there is no God but ALLAH." So SYAHIDA must be interpreted with PROVE the scientific recognition that God is only ALLAH and Muhammad is HIS messenger never even seen HIM.

So far we have not talked about the causes of the people who saw the Hilal of Ramadan to begin fasting the next day compulsory. Maybe there are people who understand Ayaah 2/185 had a "Who's among you to see that Moon ought to be fasting". This was awry with the intent of Scripture, as can be seen is the Moon orbiting in the space, in Alquran called Qamar, while those listed in Ayaah 2/185 is SYAHRA term meaning "month" in calendar is not visible to the eye because it is the name of a number of days grouped into one section of twelve other parts of the year. The terms of SYAHRU can be read in Ayaah 2/185, 4/92, 9/36, 34/12, and 46/15.

So, is referred to in Ayaah 2/185 is not see the Moon or Hilal on the western horizon at the maghrib time, but know the month of Ramadan and can be proved by calculation.

Also Read This:

https://laskarislam.indonesianforum.net/t3096-islamic-calendar-is-better-than-gregorian-calendar

1 Ramadan 1433H falls on Friday, July 20, 2012 insyaAllah